above: Covers of captured Palatina books
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Bibliotheca Palatina
(Originally Heidelberg, now Vatican Library, Rome)

left: Founded 1436 by Prince Ludwig III of the Palatinate in Heidelberg, augmented by bequests of many private libraries, including that of Ulrich Fugger (1567), captured in 1622 by Catholic forces under Tilly, transported to Rome in 196 boxes on orders of Duke Maximilian, 1623
right: Ex libris created by Duke Maximilian for Palatina books: "I am from the library captured in Heidelberg and sent as spoils of war to Pope Gregory XV by Maximilian, Duke of Bavaria, etc., . . . A.D. 1623"
Source: K. G. Saur [prospectus for microfiche edition of the Bibliotheca Palatina, 1995]